Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental in vitro design used to create the different models of hypoxia. Renal (DCT) cells exposed to periods of normoxia are shown as grey boxes, short periods of 4 h hypoxia as short blue boxes, and sustained 24 h hypoxia as a longer red box. Note that episodic hypoxia, which consists of 6 daily doses of 4 h hypoxia each, is shown in a darker shade of blue.